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As a trusted supplier of electronic components and batteries in New Zealand, here at Ivent we often encounter questions about battery rechargeability. One common query is whether alkaline batteries can be recharged.

Let's dive into this topic and explore some alternatives for those seeking more sustainable power solutions.

The Truth About Alkaline Batteries

Alkaline batteries, while popular and widely used, are not designed to be recharged. Here's why:

Chemical Composition: Alkaline batteries rely on a reaction between zinc and manganese dioxide, facilitated by an alkaline electrolyte. This reaction is largely irreversible, making recharging ineffective and potentially dangerous.

Safety Concerns: Attempting to recharge alkaline batteries can lead to leakage, overheating, or even explosion. The risks far outweigh any potential benefits.

Performance Degradation: Even if you manage to partially recharge an alkaline battery, its performance will be significantly reduced, rendering it less effective for powering your devices.

Despite their single-use capabilities, alkaline batteries remain one of the most popular types of battery here in New Zealand in the consumer market. They offer a low-cost alternative to some of the other options we go into further detail about below and whilst that may seem like a short-term strategy, for low-consumption devices, alkaline batteries can keep going for long periods of time without the need to replace them.

Whilst it is true that there are more sustainable options available when it comes to batteries, alkaline batteries have come a long way when it comes to environmental sustainability. Today, nearly all alkaline batteries are mercury-free, reducing their environmental impact compared to their predecessors. Their long shelf life also means fewer replacements leading to less waste over time. The chances are, you have some alkaline batteries in a cupboard or drawer at home that have been there for years but will still perform as they should when called into action.

Improved recycling schemes around the world, including right here in New Zealand, have also led to a much improved environmental footprint for alkaline batteries and they still play an important role in powering consumer devices around the world.

Sustainable Alternatives

While alkaline batteries aren't rechargeable, there are several eco-friendly alternatives available. If you are looking for batteries for devices that are used frequently, investing in batteries that are rechargeable is not only better for the environment, but also better for your wallet in the long term. Here are some of the alternative options available at Ivent:

Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries

These rechargeable batteries are an excellent choice for high-drain devices. They can be recharged hundreds of times, making them a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option.

NiMH batteries have fast become one of the most popular types of battery that we sell here at Ivent and have become the go-to alternative to alkaline batteries when used in devices that get constant use such as cordless keyboards and mice, musical instruments, clocks, and even remote controls (although alkaline batteries are still a good option in most households).

Nickel Metal Hydride batteries produce less harmful waste than other types of batteries, especially their predecessor Nickel Cadmium. This makes them more environmentally friendly and couple this with their rechargeability, they become a great option at home or in the office.

Lithium-Ion Batteries

Known for their high energy density and long life, lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable and widely used in portable electronics.

Whilst Lithium-Ion batteries are undoubtedly a great option for high-drain devices, they are perhaps not a like-for-like replacement for alkaline batteries which is where NiMH batteries come in. Typically, Li-ion batteries will be found in high-tech devices such as smartphones, laptops and even electric vehicles so not something you would usually find an alkaline battery powering.

That being said, we do produce a number of custom Li-ion batteries that can be used as a replacement for alkaline batteries and models such as coin cell batteries are widely used in appliances around the home such as weighing scales, clocks, and more.

At Ivent, we have produced a number of custom batteries for clients looking for alternatives to traditional batteries with the capability to recharge frequently. As demand continues to grow for more sustainable solutions and more and more people switch to renewable energy sources, Li-ion batteries are already playing a pivotal role in this switch.

Environmental Considerations

At Ivent, we're committed to environmental sustainability. While alkaline batteries can't be recharged, it's crucial to dispose of them properly. In New Zealand, various recycling initiatives are available, including drop-off locations set up by the Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation (RBRC).

As part of our commitment to a more environmentally friendly New Zealand, we also provide sustainable alternatives as noted above as well as supplying components to power solar power systems at home. These include solar panels, portable solar panels for camping and caravanning, solar charge controllers and solar panel mounts. Coupled with our lithium-ion or LiFiPO4 batteries, we have everything you need to create a renewable power system at home for powering a variety of devices.

Choosing the Right Battery

Alkaline batteries remain a popular choice for a wide range of devices, however, it is important to understand and consider the alternatives.

When selecting batteries, consider factors such as:

- Device power requirements

- Frequency of use

- Budget constraints

- Environmental impact

For bulk users, rechargeable options like NiMH batteries can offer significant cost savings and reduce environmental impact over time.

Conclusion

While alkaline batteries remain a popular choice due to their affordability and long shelf life, they're not rechargeable. For those seeking more sustainable options, rechargeable alternatives like NiMH and lithium-ion batteries offer excellent performance and environmental benefits.

At Ivent, we stock a wide range of battery options to suit various needs. Whether you're a consumer looking for everyday batteries or a business requiring bulk supplies, we're here to help you make informed choices that balance performance, cost, and environmental responsibility.

Remember, the key to powering your devices smartly lies in making informed choices. By understanding the characteristics of different battery types, you can select the best option for your specific needs while also considering the environmental impact.

When it comes to powering your boat, selecting the right battery is crucial for ensuring a safe and enjoyable experience on the water. While traditional lead-acid batteries have been the standard for many years, marine-specific lithium-ion batteries are rapidly gaining popularity due to their superior performance, longevity, and safety features.

In this blog post, we'll delve into the reasons why marine lithium batteries are the ideal choice for your vessel.

Understanding Marine Batteries

When it comes to marine batteries, understanding the various types available is essential for making an informed decision for your boating needs. Each battery type offers unique advantages and functionalities that cater to different applications and vessel requirements.

The most common types include lead-acid batteries, which are typically more affordable and widely used, and lithium-ion batteries, known for their lightweight design and longer lifespan. Additionally, there are AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) batteries, which provide enhanced safety features and reduced maintenance needs.

By exploring these options, boat owners can better assess which battery suits their specific power needs and boating habits.

Types of Marine Batteries

Boats require different types of batteries to meet their unique needs. Here are the main types you should know about:

Lead-Acid Batteries

These are the most traditional and commonly used batteries in boating. They are available in two main types: flooded and sealed. Flooded lead-acid batteries require maintenance, as they need periodic checking of electrolyte levels, while sealed (or VRLA) batteries are maintenance-free. Lead-acid batteries are known for their affordability and ability to deliver high surge currents, making them suitable for starting engines. However, they are generally heavier and have a shorter lifespan compared to newer technologies like lithium-ion batteries.

AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat)

AGM batteries are designed with a fibreglass mat that absorbs electrolytes, which not only enhances durability but also allows them to operate in any orientation without leaking. They excel in applications requiring a steady current over an extended period, making them ideal for powering onboard electronics and appliances. AGM batteries are also resistant to vibrations and shocks, which is particularly beneficial in the marine environment. While they may be more expensive than traditional lead-acid batteries, their longevity and reliability often justify the investment.

Gel Batteries

Gel batteries utilise a silica gel to suspend the electrolyte, providing increased stability and reducing the risk of spillage. This design allows them to perform well in deep-cycle applications, making them suitable for powering systems on boats that demand consistent energy output over long periods, such as lighting and navigation systems. Additionally, gel batteries are less susceptible to temperature extremes, which can enhance their performance in varying marine conditions. They are also low maintenance and don't require regular topping up of electrolyte levels, making them a convenient choice for boat owners.

Lithium-Ion

Renowned for their impressive energy density and lightweight design, lithium-ion batteries provide a powerful solution for modern boating needs. They charge rapidly and have the ability to discharge energy more efficiently than traditional lead-acid counterparts. Lithium-ion batteries support a higher number of charge cycles, ensuring longevity and reducing the frequency of replacements. Their built-in battery management systems (BMS) enhance safety by monitoring various parameters, such as temperature and charge levels, making them one of the safest options available for powering boats.

LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate)

As a specific subtype of lithium-ion, LiFePO4 batteries are celebrated for their stability and safety compared to other lithium technologies. They operate efficiently at varied temperatures and feature excellent thermal stability, significantly reducing the risk of overheating or fire. With a longer cycle life and outstanding depth of discharge capabilities, LiFePO4 batteries provide a consistent power supply while minimising the risk of damage through excessive cycling. Their maintenance-free nature and significant weight reduction compared to lead-acid batteries further make them a preferred choice for environmentally conscious boat owners seeking reliable and efficient energy solutions.

You can read a recent post about the advantages of LiFePO4 technology.

Pros and Cons of Different Battery Types

When selecting a marine battery, it's essential to consider both the advantages and disadvantages of each type to make an informed decision for your boating needs.

Lead Acid Batteries

Pros:

• Cost-Effective - more affordable upfront compared to newer technologies
• Robustness - Known for their durability and reliability
• Established Technology - readily available with widespread support and knowledge among boaters

Cons:

• Heavier than their lithium counterparts, which can impact boat performance and fuel efficiency
• Limited cycle life - they typically offer a shorter cycle life and depth of discharge

AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat)

Pros:

• Maintenance-free and leak-proof
• Excellent performance in high-drain applications
• Good resistance to vibration and extreme temperatures

Cons:

• Heavier than other battery types
• Generally more expensive than traditional lead-acid batteries

Gel Batteries

Pros:

• Long lifespan and stable discharge characteristics
• Safer to use due to lower risk of explosion
• Performs well in extreme temperatures

Cons:

• Can be sensitive to overcharging
• Less widely available than AGM batteries

Lithium-Ion

Pros:

• Lightweight and compact design
• Higher energy density and efficiency
• Fast charging capabilities

Cons:

• Higher upfront cost compared to traditional batteries
• Requires a specific charging system

LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate)

Pros:

• High safety standards with thermal stability
• Long cycle life and performance consistency
• Lightweight and can deep cycle without damage

Cons:

• Typically higher purchase price
• Limited availability in some regions

Considerations for Selecting the Right Battery

When selecting a battery, consider factors like the size of your vessel, the power requirements of your onboard equipment, and how often you use your boat. Matching these factors with the right type of battery ensures optimal performance and longevity.

The Importance of Reliability

Reliability is paramount when it comes to choosing a battery, as it directly impacts the performance and safety of your vessel while out on the water.

How a Reliable Battery Impacts Safety and Performance

A reliable battery is essential for ensuring your boat operates smoothly. Unreliable batteries can fail at critical moments, leaving you stranded. A dependable battery guarantees that your boat's systems, from navigation to entertainment, function correctly.

Common Battery Issues and Prevention

Common issues like battery drain, sulfation in lead-acid batteries, and thermal runaway in some battery types can be avoided with proper maintenance and the right battery choice. Regular checks and using high-quality batteries can prevent these problems.

Sustainable and Renewable Energy

In recent years, the marine industry has seen a significant shift towards sustainability as boat owners, or “boaties,” increasingly seek environmentally friendly options for their vessels. This transition is driven by a growing awareness of the ecological impact of conventional batteries and a desire to reduce carbon footprints.

As a result, many are exploring sustainable battery solutions, such as lithium-ion and lithium-iron phosphate batteries, which not only offer enhanced performance and longevity but also align with the ethos of protecting marine ecosystems. By prioritising sustainable energy sources, boaties are paving the way for a cleaner, greener future on the water.

The Role of Batteries in Supporting Renewable Energy

Batteries play a crucial role in integrating renewable energy sources like solar panels into your boat's power system. They store energy generated during the day, which can be used to power your boat even when the sun isn't shining.

Advantages of Eco-Friendly Battery Options

Opting for eco-friendly batteries such as Lithium-Ion or LiFePO4 supports sustainable boating. These batteries have a lower environmental impact due to their longer lifespans and recyclability.

Solar Panels for Boats

Installing solar panels is an excellent way to charge your boat's battery while at sea. Portable solar panels reduce dependency on traditional power sources and provide a renewable way to keep your batteries charged.

Choosing the Best Battery for Your Boat

Choosing the right battery for your boat is essential for optimising performance and ensuring a reliable power source during your adventures on the water. With a variety of battery types available, each offering unique benefits and specifications, it is crucial to assess your boating needs, power requirements, and environmental considerations. By understanding what to look for in a battery, you can make an informed decision that not only enhances your boating experience but also supports sustainable practices within the marine industry.

Factors to Consider

When choosing a battery, consider the following:

• Size and Weight: Ensure the battery fits your boat's storage space without adding excessive weight.
• Capacity: Different boats have different power needs. Choose a battery with sufficient capacity to meet your boat's demands.
• Maintenance Needs: Some batteries require regular upkeep, while others are maintenance-free.

Expert Insights

Marine lithium batteries are rapidly gaining popularity due to their outstanding performance and safety features. They offer protection against thermal runaway, reduced gas emissions, and consistent power output, making them a superior choice.

Maintenance and Battery Care

Proper maintenance and care of your boat's battery are vital for ensuring longevity, optimal performance, and reliability during your maritime journeys.

Essential Tips for Maintaining Marine Batteries

Regular maintenance can extend your battery's life. Here are some tips:

• Keep the battery clean and dry.
• Check the connections regularly.
• Avoid deep discharges to prolong battery life.

How to Safely Dispose of Old Batteries

Proper disposal of old batteries is essential to prevent environmental harm. Many retailers and recycling centres accept used batteries. Make sure to follow local regulations for disposal.

Conclusion

Choosing the right battery for your boat can significantly enhance your marine experience. Marine lithium batteries, in particular, offer unmatched safety, efficiency, and longevity. Prioritising battery selection and maintenance ensures that you sail smoothly and safely on your next adventure.

Explore our range of marine batteries and find the perfect match for your boating needs at Ivent.

When you're miles away from the nearest power grid, reliable energy becomes more than just a convenience—it becomes a necessity. Whether you're camping under the stars, living off-grid in a remote cabin, or harnessing the power of the sun for your home, deep cycle batteries are the unsung heroes making these experiences possible. This blog post aims to shed light on the diverse uses of deep cycle batteries, their benefits, and why they're a must-have for any off-grid enthusiast.

What are Deep Cycle Batteries?

Deep cycle batteries are a type of rechargeable battery designed to provide a steady amount of current over a long period. Unlike regular car batteries that deliver a short burst of high energy to start your engine, deep cycle batteries are built to be discharged and recharged multiple times without losing efficiency. This makes them ideal for applications where a consistent power supply is crucial.

These batteries come in various types, including flooded lead-acid, sealed lead-acid, lithium-ion, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), and Lead Carbon. Each type has its advantages, such as cost-effectiveness, ease of maintenance, or longer lifespan. Understanding these differences can help you choose the right battery for your needs.

One of the key features that set deep cycle batteries apart is their ability to withstand deep discharges. While regular batteries may fail after a few deep discharges, deep cycle batteries are engineered to handle this, making them incredibly durable and reliable for long-term use.

Types of Deep Cycle Batteries

Choosing the right deep cycle battery for your off-grid or backup power needs can be overwhelming given the variety of options available in the market. Each type of battery has its own set of characteristics that make it suitable for different applications. Here are some of the pros and cons of the different types of deep cycle battery:

Flooded Lead-Acid

Benefits:

• Cost-effective
• Performs well in a wide range of temperatures
• Available in numerous sizes and capacities

Cons:

• Requires regular maintenance and water refilling
• Prone to acid spills and corrosion
• Limited lifespan compared to other types

Sealed Lead-Acid

Benefits:

• Maintenance-free
• Safe from acid leaks and spills
• Suitable for confined spaces

Cons:

• More expensive than flooded lead-acid batteries
• Shorter lifespan in high-cycle applications
• Less efficient in extreme temperatures

Lithium-Ion

Benefits:

• High energy density
• Long lifespan and reliability
• Lightweight and compact

Cons:

• High initial cost
• Requires a sophisticated battery management system (BMS)
• Sensitive to high temperatures

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)

Benefits:

• Extremely long cycle life
• Stable and safe with lower risk of overheating
• High thermal and chemical stability

Cons:

• Higher upfront cost
• Requires specific charging equipment
• Limited availability compared to other types

Lead Carbon

Benefits:

• Extended cycle life compared to regular lead-acid
• Better performance in partial-state-of-charge scenarios
• Improved charge acceptance

Cons:

• Higher cost than traditional lead-acid batteries
• Limited availability in the market
• Heavier than some alternatives like lithium-ion

Understanding these types and their respective advantages and disadvantages can significantly aid in selecting the best deep cycle battery for your specific needs, ensuring a reliable and efficient power supply for your off-grid adventures or backup systems.

Uses in Camping and RVs

When you're out in the wilderness, the last thing you want is to run out of power. Deep cycle batteries are a camper's best friend, providing energy for various needs. From powering your campsite's lighting to keeping your electronics charged, these batteries ensure you stay connected and comfortable.

Imagine setting up camp in a remote location, far from any power source. With a deep cycle battery, you can easily power LED lights, run portable fans, and even keep your mini-fridge running. This enhances your camping experience, making it more enjoyable and hassle-free.

RVs are another popular use case for deep cycle batteries. These mobile homes require a reliable power source to run appliances, lights, and entertainment systems. Deep cycle batteries are perfect for this, offering a steady and dependable energy supply that can last through long trips and multiple days off the grid.

Applications in Renewable Energy

Renewable energy systems, such as solar and wind power, are becoming increasingly popular as people seek sustainable alternatives. However, these systems generate energy intermittently, depending on weather conditions. This is where deep cycle batteries come into play, storing excess energy for use when the sun isn't shining or the wind isn't blowing.

Solar power solutions often rely on deep cycle batteries to store the energy generated during the day for use at night. These batteries ensure a consistent power supply, making renewable energy a viable option for both homes and businesses. By efficiently storing and releasing energy, they help reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower electricity bills.

Wind power systems also benefit from deep cycle batteries. When wind turbines generate more energy than needed, the excess is stored in these batteries for later use. This not only maximises the efficiency of the wind system but also ensures a continuous power supply, regardless of wind conditions.

Maintenance and Best Practices

To get the most out of your deep cycle batteries, proper maintenance is crucial. Regularly checking the water levels in flooded lead-acid batteries and ensuring they're topped up can extend their lifespan. For sealed lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries, keeping them clean and free from dust is essential.

It's also important to avoid over-discharging your batteries. While deep cycle batteries are designed to handle deep discharges, constantly draining them to zero can reduce their overall lifespan. Aim to recharge your batteries before they drop below 20% to maintain their health and efficiency.

Additionally, storing your batteries in a cool, dry place can prevent damage from extreme temperatures. High heat can cause batteries to degrade faster while freezing temperatures can reduce their capacity. By following these best practices, you can ensure your deep cycle batteries remain reliable for years to come.

Future Innovations

The world of battery technology is constantly evolving, and deep cycle batteries are no exception. Recent advancements in materials and design are paving the way for batteries with longer lifespans, faster charging times, and higher efficiency.

One exciting development is the rise of solid-state batteries. Unlike traditional liquid-based batteries, solid-state batteries use a solid electrolyte, which can increase energy density and safety. This innovation could revolutionise the way we store and use energy, making deep cycle batteries even more versatile and reliable.

Another promising area is the integration of smart technology. Imagine a deep cycle battery that can communicate with your devices, optimising energy usage based on your needs and providing real-time diagnostics. This level of control and efficiency could significantly enhance the performance of off-grid energy systems.

Conclusion

In today's world, the need for reliable, sustainable energy solutions has never been greater. Deep cycle batteries offer a versatile and dependable way to power everything from camping trips to renewable energy systems. By understanding their uses, maintaining them properly, and staying informed about future innovations, you can harness the full potential of these remarkable batteries.

Whether you're an outdoor enthusiast, an off-grid explorer, or a renewable energy advocate, deep cycle batteries are a valuable tool in your quest for independence and sustainability. Explore Ivent's range of deep cycle batteries and discover the perfect solution for your energy needs.

In our fast-paced, tech-driven world, batteries play a crucial role. They power our smartphones, laptops, and countless other devices we rely on daily. However, with the increasing demand for portable power, it's essential to understand how to maximise battery life and performance.

This guide will equip you with practical tips and insights to extend the lifespan of your batteries, ensuring you get the most out of your tech whilst also being kind to the environment.

Understanding Battery Basics

Batteries are complex devices that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy, and understanding their fundamental components and functions is key to optimising their performance and lifespan.

Different Types of Batteries

Before diving into the tips, it's vital to understand the types of batteries commonly used in tech and mobile devices. The two main types are lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH).

• Lithium-ion batteries are the most prevalent, found in smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles. They offer high energy density and longevity but are sensitive to extreme temperatures and overcharging.
• Nickel-metal hydride batteries are less common and often used in rechargeable AA and AAA batteries. They can withstand more charge-discharge cycles and are less susceptible to the "memory effect," which can reduce battery capacity over time.

Factors Affecting Battery Life

Several factors influence battery life, including temperature, usage patterns, and charging habits. Understanding these factors will help you make informed decisions about how to care for your batteries.

• Temperature: Extreme temperatures can accelerate battery degradation. Keeping your devices in a moderate climate can prolong battery life.
• Usage patterns: How often and intensively you use your device impacts battery health. Regular, heavy use can shorten battery lifespan.
• Charging habits: Charging your device correctly is crucial. Practices like overcharging or letting the battery drain completely can harm its longevity.

Tips for Prolonging Battery Life

Prolonging battery life is essential for ensuring that your devices remain functional and efficient for as long as possible, allowing you to maximise their use without the constant need for recharging.

Best Practices for Charging

Charging your device properly is one of the most effective ways to extend battery life. Here are some best practices:

• Use smart chargers that automatically stop charging once the battery is full. This prevents overcharging, which can damage the battery.
• Avoid overcharging by unplugging your device once it's fully charged. Leaving it plugged in for extended periods can degrade the battery.
• Shallow discharge cycles are better than deep discharges. Try to keep your battery between 20% and 80% capacity to maintain its health.

Optimising Device Settings

Adjusting your device settings can significantly reduce battery drain:

• Lower screen brightness or use auto-brightness to save power.
• Turn off unnecessary features like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and location services when not in use.
• Use battery saver mode on your device to extend battery life during low power situations.

The Impact of Software Updates

Keeping your software up to date is essential for optimal battery performance:

• Software updates often include improvements and bug fixes that can enhance battery efficiency.
• Check for updates regularly and install them promptly to ensure your device operates smoothly.

Eco-friendly Battery Use

Incorporating sustainable practices around battery use is crucial not only for extending the lifespan of our devices but also for minimising environmental impact and fostering responsible consumption.

Environmental Impact of Battery Disposal

Improper battery disposal can have severe environmental consequences:

• Toxic chemicals in batteries can contaminate soil and water if not disposed of correctly.
• Extending battery life reduces the frequency of disposal, lessening your environmental footprint.

Sustainable Practices

Adopting sustainable practices for battery use and disposal is crucial:

• Recycle old batteries at designated collection points to prevent environmental harm.
• Opt for reusable batteries like NiMH instead of single-use ones to reduce waste.
• Support eco-friendly initiatives by choosing products from companies committed to sustainability.

Future Trends and Technologies

As we look to the future, advancements in battery technology promise to revolutionise energy storage, enhance efficiency, and pave the way for greener alternatives in line with global sustainability goals.

Emerging Battery Technologies

New technologies are continually being developed to improve battery lifespan and performance:

• Solid-state batteries promise higher energy density and safety compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries.
• Graphene batteries offer faster charging times and longer lifespans.
• Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a cost-effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries, utilising abundant sodium resources and offering promising performance in terms of energy capacity and stability.
• Recycling advancements make it easier to reclaim valuable materials from used batteries, promoting a circular economy.

The Role of Consumers

Consumers play a vital role in driving demand for eco-friendly and long-lasting battery solutions:

• Support companies that invest in sustainable battery technologies.
• Advocate for responsible disposal and recycling practices.
• Stay informed about new developments and incorporate them into your purchasing decisions.

Conclusion

Maximising battery life is not only beneficial for your devices but also for the environment. By understanding the basics of battery care, implementing best practices, and staying informed about emerging technologies, you can make a significant impact. Remember, every little effort counts towards creating a more sustainable tech ecosystem.

Here at Ivent, we stock a wide range of batteries for a variety of uses including golf carts, mobility scooters, marine, and more. Maximising the lifespan of your batteries, no matter the purpose, is an important step towards a more sustainable future and by following the tips in this guide, you can get the most out of your batteries, no matter what type of purpose.

When was the last time you thought about the tiny battery inside your watch or your car key fob? Coin batteries, those compact power sources often overlooked, are actually the unsung heroes of our technology-driven world. Despite their diminutive size, they play a crucial role in powering a myriad of devices, from the every day to the indispensable.

In this blog post, we'll explore why these miniature energy sources matter more than you might think.

Evolution of Coin Batteries

Coin batteries have come a long way since their inception. They first appeared in the mid-20th century, designed to power small electronic devices. Early versions were made from basic materials and offered limited power. Over time, advancements in battery technology led to the development of more reliable and efficient coin cells. Today, they are made using various chemistries, including lithium, silver oxide, and alkaline, each offering different benefits in terms of capacity and longevity.

Notable Milestones

One of the significant milestones in coin battery technology was the introduction of lithium-based coin cells. These batteries provided higher energy density and longer shelf life, making them ideal for devices that required reliable, long-lasting power. Another notable advancement was the development of rechargeable coin batteries, which offer the convenience of reusability, reducing the need for frequent replacements.

Types and Sizes of Coin Batteries

Coin batteries come in various types and sizes, each designed for specific applications. The most common types include lithium, silver oxide, and alkaline coin batteries.

Lithium Coin Batteries

Lithium coin batteries are popular due to their high energy density and long shelf life. They are commonly used in devices like watches, calculators, and medical equipment. These batteries typically come in sizes such as CR2032, CR2025, and CR2016.

Silver Oxide Coin Batteries

Silver oxide coin batteries offer stable voltage output and are often used in precision instruments like watches and medical devices. Common sizes include SR626SW and SR621SW.

Alkaline Coin Batteries

Alkaline coin batteries are less expensive and provide good performance for low-drain devices. They are commonly found in toys and small electronic gadgets. Popular sizes include LR44 and AG13.

Applications in Everyday Life

Coin batteries are essential components in a wide range of everyday devices. Their compact size and reliable power delivery make them ideal for applications where space is limited and power consumption is low.

Watches and Clocks

One of the most familiar uses of coin batteries is in watches and clocks. These batteries power the timekeeping mechanisms, ensuring accurate and reliable performance over extended periods.

Medical Devices

Coin batteries play a critical role in powering life-saving medical devices such as pacemakers, hearing aids, and glucose monitors. Their reliability and long lifespan are crucial for ensuring the uninterrupted function of these devices.

Remote Controls

From car key fobs to TV remotes, coin batteries provide the necessary power for remote control devices. Their compact size allows them to fit seamlessly into these gadgets, delivering consistent performance.

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

While coin batteries offer numerous benefits, they also pose environmental challenges. Improper disposal of these batteries can lead to soil and water contamination due to the chemicals they contain. However, efforts are underway to mitigate these issues.

Recycling Initiatives

Many countries including New Zealand have established recycling programs for coin batteries to reduce their environmental impact. By recycling these batteries, valuable materials can be recovered and reused, reducing the need for new raw materials.

Proper Disposal Methods

It's essential to dispose of coin batteries properly to prevent environmental harm. Consumers are encouraged to take used batteries to designated recycling centres or drop-off points rather than throwing them in the trash.

Future Trends and Innovations

The future of coin batteries looks promising, with ongoing research and development aimed at improving their performance and sustainability. Emerging technologies and innovative materials are paving the way for more efficient and environmentally friendly coin cells.

Advanced Chemistries

Researchers are exploring new chemistries, such as solid-state batteries, which promise higher energy density and improved safety. These advancements could revolutionise the way we use coin batteries in various applications.

Biodegradable Options

Efforts are also underway to develop biodegradable coin batteries that can break down naturally without harming the environment. These eco-friendly options could significantly reduce the environmental impact of discarded batteries.

Practical Tips for Making the Most of Coin Batteries

To get the best performance and longevity from your coin batteries, follow these practical tips:

Extend Battery Life

To prolong the life of your coin batteries, store them in a cool, dry place. Avoid exposing them to extreme temperatures, as this can reduce their capacity and overall lifespan.

Purchase Quality Batteries

Invest in high-quality coin batteries from reputable manufacturers. These batteries are more likely to provide reliable performance and have a longer shelf life compared to cheaper alternatives.

Proper Storage

Store unused coin batteries in their original packaging or in a battery organiser to prevent short-circuiting. Keep them out of reach of children and pets to avoid accidental ingestion.

Conclusion

Coin batteries may be small, but their impact is immense. From powering everyday gadgets to life-saving medical devices, these tiny powerhouses play a crucial role in our modern lives. By understanding their importance, proper usage, and disposal methods, we can make the most of these essential energy sources while minimising their environmental impact.

FAQs

What are coin batteries used for?

Coin batteries are used in a wide range of devices, including watches, medical devices, remote controls, and small electronic gadgets. Their compact size and reliable power delivery make them ideal for applications where space is limited and power consumption is low.

How do I dispose of coin batteries properly?

To dispose of coin batteries properly, take them to designated recycling centres or drop-off points. Avoid throwing them in the trash, as this can lead to soil and water contamination due to the chemicals they contain.

What are the different types of coin batteries?

The most common types of coin batteries include lithium, silver oxide, and alkaline. Each type offers different benefits in terms of capacity, longevity, and suitability for specific applications.

The reign of lithium batteries is undeniable. From powering our smartphones to electric vehicles, their lightweight and rechargeable nature has revolutionised modern technology. But within the lithium realm, two contenders vie for supremacy: Lithium Ion (Li-ion) and Lithium Polymer (Li-po).

In this post, we aim to break down the technology behind both types of lithium batteries, understand the battery life and environmental impact as well as identify the best use-cases for each type of battery.

Get ready to discover all you need to know about lithium batteries.

Introduction to Lithium Polymer and Lithium Ion Batteries

In the world of battery technology, not all lithium batteries are created equal. While both Li-ion and Li-po batteries share a common goal—providing portable power—they differ significantly in their construction, performance, and applications.

• Lithium Ion (Li-ion): Known for its high energy density, Li-ion batteries pack a lot of power into a small, lightweight package. These batteries use a liquid electrolyte to facilitate ion movement between the cathode and anode.
• Lithium Polymer (Li-po): Unlike their Li-ion counterparts, Li-po batteries employ a solid polymer electrolyte, which offers greater flexibility in terms of shape and design. They also boast improved safety features, thanks to their robust construction.

Key Differences in Technology and Performance

Understanding the core differences between these two battery types can help you make an informed decision when selecting the right power source for your device.

Energy Density

Li-ion batteries are renowned for their high energy density. This means they can store more energy per unit of weight, making them ideal for applications where space and weight are critical factors.

Flexibility and Design

Li-po batteries excel in terms of flexibility. Their solid polymer electrolyte allows for more intricate and varied shapes, which is particularly advantageous for sleek, modern devices like smartphones and tablets.

Battery Life and Safety Comparison

Charging Champions: Unveiling the Speed Demons

We all crave faster charging times. While both battery types have improved significantly, Li-po takes the lead. Studies by researchers at the University of California, San Diego, demonstrate that Li-po's polymer electrolyte facilitates faster lithium-ion movement, enabling quicker charging capabilities—a win for those on-the-go top-ups.

Thermal Throttling: The Unsung Hero of Battery Life

Heat is the enemy of batteries, accelerating their degradation. Here's where Li-po shines again. The polymer construction offers better thermal stability compared to Li-ion's liquid electrolyte. This translates to less internal heat generation, potentially leading to a longer lifespan for your device.

Safety Considerations

Both Li-ion and Li-po batteries come with safety risks, particularly if damaged or improperly handled. However, Li-po batteries are generally considered safer due to their solid-state construction, which reduces the risk of leakage and thermal runaway.

Cost and Environmental Impact Analysis

Cost Factors

While Li-po batteries offer several advantages, they tend to be more expensive to manufacture than Li-ion batteries. This cost difference can influence the overall price of the devices they power.

Environmental Impact

Sustainability is a growing concern. While both battery types require responsible disposal, the manufacturing process of Li-ion batteries can be more environmentally taxing due to the use of certain solvents.

Best Use Cases for Each Battery Type

Lithium Ion (Li-ion)

• Ideal for high-energy applications such as laptops, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage.
• Preferred when compactness and energy density are critical factors.

Lithium Polymer (Li-po)

• Perfect for consumer electronics like smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices, where design flexibility is crucial.
• Favoured for applications requiring faster charging times and better thermal management.

Future Trends in Battery Technology

As technology advances, the gap between Li-ion and Li-po batteries is likely to narrow. Researchers are continually working on improving both battery types, focusing on increasing energy density, enhancing safety features, and reducing environmental impact.

Emerging technologies such as solid-state batteries, Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) and silicon-anode batteries are poised to revolutionise the industry further, offering even greater efficiency and sustainability.

Sodium-Ion - A New Contender?

Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as an exciting alternative to the more commonly used lithium-based batteries. Utilising abundant and inexpensive sodium resources, these batteries promise to provide a more sustainable and cost-effective solution for energy storage. Unlike lithium, which is concentrated in specific geographical regions, sodium is widely available, which could lead to a reduction in supply chain constraints and geopolitical tensions. Sodium-ion batteries operate on a similar principle to lithium-ion batteries, involving the movement of sodium ions between electrodes during charging and discharging cycles. However, they face challenges, particularly in achieving the same energy density and longevity as their lithium counterparts.

The potential impact of sodium-ion batteries is significant, especially in terms of sustainability and cost reduction. They may become a viable option for applications where energy density is less critical but cost and environmental concerns are paramount, such as grid energy storage and lower-cost consumer electronics. Advances in materials science and engineering could further enhance the performance of sodium-ion batteries, making them competitive with current lithium technologies. As the world seeks greener and more economical energy solutions, sodium-ion batteries could play a pivotal role in the future of energy storage technology.

Conclusion and Recommendations

So, which battery type reigns supreme? The answer depends on your specific needs:

• For prioritising power and compactness, Li-ion remains a solid choice.
• For design flexibility, faster charging, and potentially longer battery life, Li-po might be the champion for you.

As technology advances, both Li-ion and Li-po batteries will continue to play crucial roles in powering our increasingly digital world. By understanding their unique strengths and applications, you can make an informed decision that best suits your needs.

Explore the future of battery technology and stay ahead of the curve.

In today's technology-driven world, lithium-ion batteries are omnipresent. They power everything from smartphones and laptops to electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. Given their widespread use, it's crucial to understand the safety of these powerhouses.

Unfortunately, misconceptions abound, clouding public perception with myths and half-truths. This blog aims to separate fact from fiction, offering consumers, tech enthusiasts, green energy advocates, and consumer safety advocates a clear, informative look at lithium-ion battery safety.

Understanding Lithium-Ion Batteries

How Lithium-Ion Batteries Work

Lithium-ion batteries consist of an anode, a cathode, a separator, an electrolyte, and two current collectors (positive and negative). During discharge, lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte, creating an electric current. When charging, these ions move back to the anode. This reversible process allows for multiple charge cycles, making lithium-ion batteries efficient and long-lasting.

Principles of Safety

Contrary to some alarming reports, lithium-ion batteries are generally considered safe for everyday use. Modern lithium-ion batteries come equipped with built-in safeguards such as Battery Management Systems (BMS) that prevent overcharging, overheating, and short circuits. According to a study by Argonne National Laboratory, lithium-ion fires are exceedingly rare, accounting for only about 0.0048% of battery cells.

Common Safety Concerns

Overheating and Explosion

One of the most prevalent concerns is the risk of overheating and explosion. While such incidents can occur, they are exceedingly rare and often due to misuse or manufacturing defects. Properly designed batteries include thermal management systems to dissipate heat and prevent thermal runaway.

Environmental Impact

The environmental impact of lithium-ion batteries is another frequent concern. Manufacturing these batteries involves the extraction of metals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel, which can have significant environmental footprints. However, advances in recycling technologies and second-life applications are mitigating these impacts.

Dispelling Myths

• Fact: Lithium-ion batteries are generally safe with proper use. Modern batteries come equipped with built-in safeguards like Battery Management Systems (BMS) that significantly reduce risks.
• Fiction: All lithium-ion batteries are created equal. In reality, there are various lithium-ion battery chemistries, each with its own safety profile. For instance, Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries are known for their inherent stability and lower flammability, making them ideal for electric vehicles (EVs).

Environmental Impact

Carbon Footprint

The production of lithium-ion batteries does have a carbon footprint, primarily due to the mining and processing of raw materials. However, their use in renewable energy applications and electric vehicles can offset these initial emissions over time.

Recycling Options

Recycling lithium-ion batteries is crucial for sustainability. Programs like those supported by the Department of Energy are exploring second-life applications for used EV batteries, repurposing them for stationary energy storage in homes or on the grid.

Comparison with Other Technologies

Compared to other battery technologies like lead-acid and nickel-cadmium, lithium-ion batteries offer a better balance of weight, energy density, and longevity. While alternative technologies are emerging, none have yet matched the overall advantages of lithium-ion.

Safety Standards and Regulations

Overview of Safety Standards

Lithium-ion batteries are subject to rigorous safety standards and regulations that govern their production, use, and disposal. These include international standards such as IEC 62133 and UL 1642, which ensure that batteries meet stringent safety criteria.

In New Zealand, the safety standards for lithium-ion batteries are guided by international best practices and local regulations to ensure consumer safety and environmental protection. The country adheres to standards such as AS/NZS 60335.1 for household appliances and AS/NZS 60950.1 for information technology equipment, which include provisions specific to lithium-ion battery safety.

These standards cover a range of safety aspects, including thermal management, electrical integrity, and protection against overcharging. Compliance with these standards is regularly monitored, and products are subject to testing and certification processes by accredited bodies, ensuring that lithium-ion batteries used in various applications meet high safety standards.

Consumer Safety and Environmental Protection

Regulations also focus on consumer safety and environmental protection. For instance, the European Union's Battery Directive mandates proper disposal and recycling of batteries, while similar regulations are in place in other major markets.

Here in New Zealand, the safe use and environmental protection related to lithium-ion batteries are governed by a combination of national regulations and international guidelines. The Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act provides a framework for managing hazardous substances, including batteries, to protect people and the environment from their harmful effects. In addition, the Ministry for the Environment is actively working on improving battery stewardship with initiatives aimed at enhancing battery recycling programs and safe disposal practices. These efforts are crucial as New Zealand continues to promote the use of renewable energy technologies and electric vehicles, thereby ensuring that the benefits of these advancements do not come at the expense of environmental and public health.

The Future of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Current Research and Development

Ongoing research aims to further improve the safety and efficiency of lithium-ion batteries. Innovations include new electrode materials that enable faster charging times, self-healing polymers that could extend battery life and advanced recycling methods that reduce environmental impact.

Second Life Applications

Used EV batteries still hold significant charge capacity and can be repurposed for stationary energy storage, extending their lifespan and reducing environmental impact.

Faster Charging Times

Researchers are developing new electrode materials that enable much faster charging times, potentially bringing electric car charging close to gasoline refuelling speeds.

Self-Healing Properties

Scientists are exploring the possibility of self-healing polymers within batteries. These polymers could automatically seal minor cracks, potentially preventing damage and extending battery life.

Potential Challenges and Opportunities

While the future looks promising, challenges remain. These include improving recycling rates, reducing dependency on scarce raw materials, and further enhancing safety features. However, the opportunities for technological advancements and sustainable practices are immense.

The Introduction of Sodium-Ion Batteries (SIBs)

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries, primarily due to the abundance and lower cost of sodium compared to lithium. Researchers are focusing on addressing the technical challenges of SIBs, such as improving energy density and cycle life, to make them commercially viable.

The commercialisation of SIBs could further diversify the energy storage market, providing a more sustainable and cost-effective option for various applications, including electric vehicles and grid storage.

In a May 2024 report in Electrek, it was reported that China’s first major sodium-ion battery energy storage station is now online, according to state-owned utility China Southern Power Grid Energy Storage. The state utility says the 10 MWh sodium-ion battery energy storage station uses 210 Ah sodium-ion battery cells that charge to 90% in a mindblowing 12 minutes. The system comprises 22,000 cells.

Conclusion

Understanding the facts about lithium-ion batteries is crucial for making informed decisions. While safety concerns exist, modern batteries come equipped with numerous safeguards, and incidents are rare. The environmental impact is mitigated through recycling and second-life applications, making lithium-ion batteries a sustainable choice for the future.

As we continue to innovate, the potential for lithium-ion batteries to revolutionise energy storage and consumption remains immense. By using and disposing of these batteries responsibly, we can harness their full potential while minimising risks.

By understanding the facts and potential of lithium-ion batteries, we can make informed choices and embrace the innovations they bring.

In our technology-driven world, the demand for power is unending. From the remote controls scattered around our living rooms to the emergency torches tucked away in drawers, batteries remain an essential part of our daily lives. And while the shift towards rechargeable batteries is noticeable, there's a stalwart player that continues to hold its ground for both its economic and sustainable stature – the alkaline battery.

In the age of rechargeable batteries and ever-increasing power demands, the humble alkaline battery might seem like a relic. But don't be fooled! Alkaline batteries are still a fantastic choice for many devices, offering a balance of affordability and long-lasting power that shouldn't be ignored.

Understanding the Basics: What are Alkaline Batteries and How Do They Work?

Alkaline batteries are a type of primary battery dependent on the reaction between zinc and manganese dioxide (Zn/MnO2). Characterised by their long shelf life and higher energy density, alkaline batteries have dominated portable devices since their mainstream adoption.

The chemistry behind alkaline batteries is fascinating and sets them apart from other battery types. When the battery is in use, the zinc (Zn) within the anode reacts with the manganese dioxide (MnO2) in the cathode, facilitated by an alkaline electrolyte, usually potassium hydroxide (KOH). This reaction releases energy, powering your devices. The alkaline solution used is key to the batteries' performance, offering a steadier energy output and longer life span compared to the acidic electrolytes found in older battery technologies.

Alkaline batteries first made their debut in the 1950s, introduced by the Eveready Battery Company (now known as Energizer). The innovation was aimed at providing consumers with a more durable and reliable power source for their everyday devices. Over the decades, improvements in the manufacturing process and materials have further enhanced their energy density and overall performance, cementing alkaline batteries' status as the go-to choice for a wide range of household items.

The Green Side of Alkaline: Environmental Impact and Sustainability

Contrary to popular belief, alkaline batteries have made strides towards environmental sustainability. Most modern alkaline batteries are mercury-free, reducing their environmental impact compared to older models. Plus, their long shelf life means fewer replacements, leading to less waste over time.

However, the path to sustainability doesn't end with the reduction of hazardous materials. Alkaline batteries still pose environmental challenges when disposed of improperly.

Recognising this, various recycling programs and initiatives have been established globally to tackle the issue. In the United States, for example, the Call2Recycle program offers a convenient way for consumers to recycle their used alkaline batteries responsibly. This not only helps in diverting potentially harmful materials from landfills but also recovers valuable metals that can be reused in manufacturing new products.

Here in New Zealand, recycling schemes have been gaining traction as part of the effort to mitigate the environmental impact of waste, including alkaline batteries. The Battery Industry Group (BIG) plays a pivotal role in this initiative, offering guidelines and support for battery recycling across the country. They collaborate with municipalities and private entities to increase accessibility to recycling programs, ensuring that consumers have convenient options for disposing of their alkaline batteries responsibly.

Notably, the Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation (RBRC) program in New Zealand has set up numerous drop-off locations nationwide, making it easier for New Zealanders to contribute to a more sustainable environment by recycling their used batteries. These efforts are crucial for reducing landfill waste and preventing the leakage of hazardous substances into ecosystems, aligning with New Zealand's broader environmental sustainability goals.

Additionally, some manufacturers, including Energizer, and retailers have taken it upon themselves to create take-back programs, encouraging users to return spent batteries for proper disposal or recycling, further reducing the environmental footprint of alkaline batteries. With these efforts, the aim is to foster a more circular economy where battery materials are efficiently recycled and reused, minimising waste and environmental impact.

The Economic Advantage: Why Alkaline Batteries Can Be a Budget-Friendly Choice

When it comes to powering your devices, initial cost and total value are key considerations. Alkaline batteries shine brightly in both aspects. They offer a compelling average cost per watt-hour and their performance in low-drain devices rivals that of many rechargeables, providing an attractive option for budget-conscious consumers who still seek quality and reliability.

Alkaline batteries not only present a cost-effective choice for consumers but also deliver dependable performance across a wide range of applications. They are the go-to power source for countless everyday devices, including remote controls, torches, and digital clocks, where their longevity in low-drain situations can be particularly advantageous. This durability, coupled with their affordability, means that for many households and businesses, alkaline batteries provide an excellent balance between quality and cost.

Furthermore, the ability of alkaline batteries to maintain their charge for extended periods when not in use makes them an ideal choice for emergency kits or infrequently used devices, ensuring that when the need arises, they're ready to perform. This blend of reliability, versatility, and value solidifies their status as a staple in the realm of battery-powered technology.

Real-World Applications: Where Alkaline Batteries Excel

Alkaline batteries are the unsung heroes for low-drain devices such as smoke detectors, remote controls, and clocks. Their ability to offer consistent power over extended periods makes them ideal candidates for emergency kits, where long-term reliability is non-negotiable. Plus, their universal availability ensures you're never caught powerless in a pinch.

Alkaline batteries come in a variety of sizes and capacities to meet the diverse demands of modern electronic devices. Each type is designed for specific applications, from small gadgets to larger, more power-intensive equipment:

• AA: The most common size, ideal for everyday devices like remote controls, wireless mice, and small flashlights.
• AAA: Smaller than AA, these are perfect for devices that require compact power sources such as TV remotes, portable speakers, and digital cameras.
• C and D: Larger and designed for higher power needs, these are used in toys, boomboxes, and emergency equipment like flashlights and portable radios.
• 9V: Often found in smoke detectors, carbon monoxide alarms, and professional audio equipment, providing reliable power for safety and performance.

Each of these types offers the reliability and longevity alkaline batteries are known for, ensuring that devices operate efficiently and effectively, regardless of their power requirements.

Tips for Maximising the Longevity of Alkaline Batteries

To get the most out of your alkaline batteries, store them in a cool, dry place to extend their shelf life. Also, be mindful to remove batteries from devices not in use for extended periods to prevent leakage and damage.

Additionally, consider pairing batteries of the same brand, capacity, and age to avoid imbalances that can lead to premature depletion. Regularly check the battery compartment of your devices for signs of corrosion or leakage, as this can affect performance and may cause damage.

Finally, investing in a good battery tester can help you distinguish between fully charged, partially used, and depleted batteries, ensuring you only replace what is necessary and potentially extending the overall life of your battery stock by preventing unnecessary waste.

It's important to note that while alkaline batteries boast an impressive shelf life, they are not rechargeable. Once depleted, they must be properly disposed of and replaced. This characteristic differentiates them from other types of batteries, such as NiMH or lithium-ion, which can be recharged and used multiple times. For devices that are used frequently, investing in rechargeable batteries may be a more economical and environmentally friendly option.

Conclusion: The Enduring Relevance of Alkaline Batteries in a Sustainable, Tech-Driven World

Despite the growing prominence of rechargeable alternatives, alkaline batteries maintain a significant role in our digital age. Their balance of affordability, performance, and sustainability ensures their continued relevance. For eco-conscious consumers, tech enthusiasts, and budget-savvy shoppers, alkaline batteries represent a practical solution that aligns with both their ethical values and economic considerations.

By understanding when and how to use these power sources effectively, consumers can enjoy long-lasting, sustainable power on a budget. Alkaline batteries, with their blend of efficiency and accessibility, affirm that sometimes, the classic choice remains a great choice.

Remember, the key to powering our devices smartly lies in making informed choices that consider the environment, our wallets, and our needs. Alkaline batteries, with their surprising array of benefits, offer just that. Shop Alkaline batteries at Ivent.

This month we take a look at some political moves by China's largest battery manufacturer CATL, spurred on by recent US legislation. There is also an interesting article around working out who you are actually dealing with in China... a manufacturer... or a trader? Plus of course the obligatory dig at the FART tax! 💨🤣

Big news this month is of course the weakness of our NZD, now affectionately known as the “South Pacific Peso”, against the USD. This is having an immediate impact on the cost of landed goods, and will of course impact everyday goods such as appliances, vehicles, and electronics. Lithium pricing has again risen (not as sharply this time) but it is certainly heading in the wrong direction. EV’s are becoming more and more popular globally, but the Lithium mines simply cannot keep up with demand… It will be interesting to see where the market, and potentially government policy, goes regarding EV’s over the coming years.